Online Encyclopedia

Articles from the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th Edition (1875)
and 10th Edition (1902). Read more...

This Month's Featured Articles (with original 9th Edition illustrations)

Abbey (13 images) • Diamond (18 images) • Mural Decoration (18 images) • Railway (45 images) • Sewing Machines (7 images) • Shark (16 images)

Generalities
Organisations: Societies

Philosophy
Philosophy: Philosophy • Aesthetics • Analogy • Arabian Philosophy
Famous Philosophers: Abelard • G. Bruno • Laozi (Lao Tzu) • Descartes • Thoreau • Zeno of Elea
More Philosophy

Religion
General: Angel • Altar • Mysticism
Christianity: Christianity • Abbey • Apostolic Fathers • St Thomas Aquinas • St Athanasius • St Augustine • Richard Baxter • St Benedict • St Bernard of Clairvaux • Bible • Jakob Boehme • St Bruno of Cologne • Jesuits • Martin Luther • Mormons • John Owen • St Ursula • St Francis Xavier • Sunday
More Christianity
Judaism: Kabbalah • Abraham • Adam • Isaac
Eastern Religions: Buddhism • Vedanta
Ancient Egyptian/Greek Religion: Apis • Mummy • Mysteries

Social Sciences
Anthropology/Sociology: Anthropology • Cannibalism • Circumcision • Club • Emigration • Magic • Slavery • Taboo • Totemism • Yoruba
Business/Commerce: Commerce • Apprentice • Exhibitions
Customs/Etiquette: Cremation
Education: Education • Academy • Technical Education
Folklore: Achilles • Anchises • Aesir • Amazons • Apparitions • Arthur • Demonology • Fairies • Fingal • Lycanthropy • Robin Hood • Sea Serpent • Vampire • Witchcraft
Government: Ambassador
Law: Law • Crime • Adulteration • Agrarian Laws • Coolie • Folkland • Municipality • Murder, Manslaughter • Negligence • Opium • Ordeal • Piracy • Poor Law • Right of Search • Riot • Thugs
Psychology: Psychology • Animal Magnetism • Dream
Social Problems: Prison Discipline • Temperance Societies

Language
Accent

Science
Biology: Biology • Acclimatization • Aquarium • Evolution • Taxidermy
Botany: Cactus • Coffee • Garlic • Ginger • Magnolia • Mulberry • Mushroom • Olive • Papyrus • Peach • Sunflower • Teak
Chemistry: Chemistry • Alchemy
Mathematics: Algebra • Cryptography
Mineralogy: Alum • Diamond • Garnet • Jade • Pumice • Ruby
Zoology: Actinozoa • Algae • Animal Kingdom • Annelida • Ant • Ape • Arachnida • Cuckoo • Dodo • Dog • Dragonfly • Eagle • Elephant • Jaguar • Kangaroo • Mosquito • Mouse • Mule • Ostrich • Otter • Owl • Parrot • Parrot Fish • Peacock • Shark • Swan • Teal • Tiger • Walrus • Wolf
More Zoology
Famous Scientists: Agassiz • Banks • Boyle • Galileo • Kepler • Lavoisier • Newton • Priestley • Volta

Technology
Aeronautics • Anchor • Aqueduct • Arboriculture • Button • Cements • Nails • Needle • Pneumatic Despatch • Railway • Sewing Machines • Shoemaking • Smoke Abatement
Medicine: Medicine • Ambulance • Anchylosis • Aphasia • Apoplexy • Cholera • Drunkenness • Elephantiasis • Fever • Hysteria • Hystero-epilepsy • Myelitis • Necrosis • Plague • Poisons • Sea Sickness • Sunstroke • Vaccination
Famous Physicians: Hahnemann • Jenner • Paracelsus
Military Science: Admiral • Admiralty • Battering Ram • Battery • Battle

The Arts
Fine Arts: Fine Arts
Architecture: Architecture • Hadrian's Wall • Pyramid
Painting: Painting • Botticelli • Constable • Goya • Hogarth • Ingres • Leonardo • Michelangelo • Murillo • Rubens • Velázquez
Other Plastic Arts: Amphora • Mural Decoration
Music: Eisteddfod • Minuet • Music Boxes
Music - Composers: J. S. Bach • C. P. E. Bach • Beethoven • Béranger • Chopin • Handel • Hérold • Mendelssohn • Mozart • Palestrina • Schubert • R. Schumann
Recreation: Cards (Playing Cards) • Draughts • Euchre • Legerdemain • Napoleon (Card Game) • Poker • Pyrotechny
Sport: Angling • Archery • Badminton • Billiards • Shooting • Swimming and Diving • Tennis • Yachting

Literature
General: Anthology • Punchinello
English: Addison • Bunyan • Byron • Chaucer • Defoe • Dickens • Johnson • Keats • Milton • Montagu • Shakespeare • M. W. Shelley • P. B. Shelley • Thackeray • Wordsworth
Irish: Goldsmith
American: Irving • Poe
French: Corneille • Diderot • Marot • Molière • Montaigne • Musset • Rousseau • Voltaire
German: Goethe • Lessing
Italian: Dante
Spanish: Cervantes • Lope de Vega
Russian: Gogol • Pushkin • Turgenev
Latin: Cicero • Lucretius • Petronius
Greek: Aeschylus • Aesop • Aristophanes • Demosthenes • Euripides • Herodotus • Xenophon
Sanskrit: Kalidasa
Persian: Firdausi • Hafiz • Nizami • Rumi • Sa'di
Arabic: Thousand and One Nights
More Literature

Geography
Geography: Geography
Africa: Africa • Algeria • Ethiopia (Abyssinia) • Nile River • Sudan • Zambesi River
Asia: Aceh (Achin) • Afghanistan • Andaman Islands • Antioch • Arabia • Baghdad • Beijing (Peking) • Borneo • Calcutta • Cambodia • Delhi • Dhaka • Elephanta Isle • Herat • Hong Kong • Kandahar • Kandy • Kashmir • Korea • Laos • Mumbai (Bombay) • Nagoya • Nanjing (Nanking) • Shanghai • Sumatra • Tonkin (Tongking)
Europe: Aberdeen • Alps • Crimea • Delft • Moscow • Mycenae • Novaya Zemlya • Odessa • Umbria • Mt. Vesuvius
North America: Louisiana • Quebec • Yosemite
Oceania: Fiji Islands • New Guinea • Sydney
South America: Amazon River • Rio de Janeiro
More Geography

History
History: History
Prehistory: Mammoth Cave
Ancient World: Babylon • Babylonia and Assyria • Herculaneum • Mesopotamia • Nineveh
Middle Ages & Modern World: Crusades • Inquisition • Plague • Renaissance
Famous People in History: Alexander the Great • Augustus Caesar • Pope Alexander VI • Francis Atterbury • Ibn Battuta • Edmund Burke • Julius Caesar • Catherine the Great • Charlemagne • Charles I • Cleopatra • James Cook • Ferdinand II of Aragon • Benjamin Franklin • Frederick the Great • Vasco Da Gama • Edward Gibbon • Alexander von Humboldt • Wilhelm von Humboldt • Thomas Jefferson • Ibn Khaldun • Genghis Khan • La Pérouse • Abraham Lincoln • Man in the Iron Mask • Ferdinand Magellan • Honoré Mirabeau • Horatio Nelson • Nero • George Peabody • William Pitt the Younger • Francisco Pizarro • Maximilien Robespierre • George Washington